Computer Organization...
Monday, September 12, 2005
Input output interface
TWO MARK QUESTIONS:
1) What is the use of input-output interface?
Input-output interface supports information transfer between internal storage and external I/O devices. Interface units act as special links for resolving the difference in the characteristics of internal devices and external devices.
2) What is the need for interface unit (or) what are the major differences between central computer and peripherals?
i) The electromechanical (use voltage) peripherals and electronic (use charge) memory and CPU have difference in their operations. Hence conversion of signals is necessary.
ii) Data transfer in peripherals is slower than that in CPU. To provide a synchronization mechanism, interface unit is needed.
iii) The data codes and formats differ from word formats in CPU and memory.
iv) Operating modes are different from other. Interface unit is necessary , not to disturb the operation of the other peripheral.
3) What are interface units?
Interface units are special hardware components between CPU and the peripherals to supervise, synchronize all input and output transfers. They serve as interface between the processor bus and peripheral devices.
4) What are the four types of commands an interface may receive?
i) Control command – To activate peripheral and inform what to do
ii) Status command- Test the conditions in interface and peripheral
iii) Data output command-To transfer data from bus to one of its registers
iv) Data input command-To receive an item of data from peripheral and place it in the buffer register
5) What is IOP? What is the use of IOP? Or What is data channel? What is the use of data channel?
The systems with independent sets of data, address and control bus use separate I/O processor (IOP) along with CPU. IOP communicate with I/O bus. It provides independent pathway for transfer of information between external devices and internal memory.
6) What is isolated I/O?
The devices using common bus for both memory and I/O but with separate control lines for memory and CPU. CPU enables the appropriate control line’s read and write signals when the address is kept on the address line. This isolate I/O interface address from memory address. This method of assigning address in common bus is called isolated I/O method.
7) What is memory mapped I/O?
The computers using common bus for memory and I/O with common control lines use only one set of read and write signals and do not distinguish between memory and I/O address. This configuration is referred to as memory-mapped I/O.
8) What are the differences between isolated I/O and memory mapped I/O?
Isolated I/O configuration uses common bus but separate control lines. Memory-mapped I/O uses common bus and common control lines.
Isolated I/O has separate address space
Memory-mapped I/O has common address space
Isolated I/O use separate instruction sets.
Memory-mapped I/O use the common instruction set.
OTHER QUESTIONS:
1) Explain Input output interface with example (16 marks)
2) Briefly explain I/O bus and interface modules. (8 marks)
3) Explain Isolated I/O and memory-mapped I/O.What are the differences between Isolated I/O and memory-mapped I/O? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? (8 marks)
4) Give an example of I/O interface with example. (8 marks) ¶ 11:15 AM 0 comments
1) What is the use of input-output interface?
Input-output interface supports information transfer between internal storage and external I/O devices. Interface units act as special links for resolving the difference in the characteristics of internal devices and external devices.
2) What is the need for interface unit (or) what are the major differences between central computer and peripherals?
i) The electromechanical (use voltage) peripherals and electronic (use charge) memory and CPU have difference in their operations. Hence conversion of signals is necessary.
ii) Data transfer in peripherals is slower than that in CPU. To provide a synchronization mechanism, interface unit is needed.
iii) The data codes and formats differ from word formats in CPU and memory.
iv) Operating modes are different from other. Interface unit is necessary , not to disturb the operation of the other peripheral.
3) What are interface units?
Interface units are special hardware components between CPU and the peripherals to supervise, synchronize all input and output transfers. They serve as interface between the processor bus and peripheral devices.
4) What are the four types of commands an interface may receive?
i) Control command – To activate peripheral and inform what to do
ii) Status command- Test the conditions in interface and peripheral
iii) Data output command-To transfer data from bus to one of its registers
iv) Data input command-To receive an item of data from peripheral and place it in the buffer register
5) What is IOP? What is the use of IOP? Or What is data channel? What is the use of data channel?
The systems with independent sets of data, address and control bus use separate I/O processor (IOP) along with CPU. IOP communicate with I/O bus. It provides independent pathway for transfer of information between external devices and internal memory.
6) What is isolated I/O?
The devices using common bus for both memory and I/O but with separate control lines for memory and CPU. CPU enables the appropriate control line’s read and write signals when the address is kept on the address line. This isolate I/O interface address from memory address. This method of assigning address in common bus is called isolated I/O method.
7) What is memory mapped I/O?
The computers using common bus for memory and I/O with common control lines use only one set of read and write signals and do not distinguish between memory and I/O address. This configuration is referred to as memory-mapped I/O.
8) What are the differences between isolated I/O and memory mapped I/O?
Isolated I/O configuration uses common bus but separate control lines. Memory-mapped I/O uses common bus and common control lines.
Isolated I/O has separate address space
Memory-mapped I/O has common address space
Isolated I/O use separate instruction sets.
Memory-mapped I/O use the common instruction set.
OTHER QUESTIONS:
1) Explain Input output interface with example (16 marks)
2) Briefly explain I/O bus and interface modules. (8 marks)
3) Explain Isolated I/O and memory-mapped I/O.What are the differences between Isolated I/O and memory-mapped I/O? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? (8 marks)
4) Give an example of I/O interface with example. (8 marks) ¶ 11:15 AM 0 comments
Peripheral Devices
TWO MARK QUESTIONS:
1) What is the use of I/O device? What are the common I/O devices available?
I/O devices provide an efficient mode of communication between the central system and the outside environment. The common I/O devices include Keyboard, Monitor, Printer, and Magnetic disk.
2) What are online devices?
Device that are under the direct control of the computer are said to be connected on-line. They are designed to read information into or out of the memory based on the command from the CPU.
3) Write a short note on monitors?
Monitors are used as output devices. They mostly use CRT. It has a electron gun which emits electron. The focusing plates and Deflection plates direct the electron beam to the phosphor coated screen. By changing the voltage in the control grid, the intensity of e-beam can be changed.
4) Define block mode operation.
The edited text will be stored first in main memory and then is transferred to the main memory as block of data. Such type of operation is said to be Block mode operation.
5) Briefly explain about printer.
Printer is a output device, which produces the hard copy of data. There are 3 types of printers. i) Daisy wheel printer ii) Dot matrix printer iii) Laser printer
6) What are the advantages of magnetic disk over magnetic tape?
Magnetic disk –Random access, For bulk storage, cheap and fast
Magnetic tape –sequential access, to store files, cheap but slow
7) Write a brief note on ASCII.
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) is a binary code for alphanumeric character. It is a 7-bit code, which can represent 128 different characters. ASCII has 94 printable and 34 non-printable characters.
94 printable characters include 26(A to Z)+26(a to z)+10(0 to 9)+32 special characters. 34 non-printable characters include NUL, Backspace, DEL, ESC etc
8) What are the three types of control character?
i) Format Effectors – Control layout of printing]
ii) Information separators –Separate data into divisions, paragraphs and pages
iii) Communication control characters – Used for transmission of text between remote computers.
9) Define byte and Nibble.
8-bits form a byte. 4-bits form a Nibble.
OTHER QUESTIONS:
1) What are peripheral devices? Explain the common peripheral devices. (8 marks)
Works for you…1)
List four peripheral devices that produce an acceptable output for a person to understand.
2) Write your full name in ASCII using eight bits per character with the leftmost bit always 0.Include an space between names and a period after initial. ¶ 10:58 AM 0 comments
1) What is the use of I/O device? What are the common I/O devices available?
I/O devices provide an efficient mode of communication between the central system and the outside environment. The common I/O devices include Keyboard, Monitor, Printer, and Magnetic disk.
2) What are online devices?
Device that are under the direct control of the computer are said to be connected on-line. They are designed to read information into or out of the memory based on the command from the CPU.
3) Write a short note on monitors?
Monitors are used as output devices. They mostly use CRT. It has a electron gun which emits electron. The focusing plates and Deflection plates direct the electron beam to the phosphor coated screen. By changing the voltage in the control grid, the intensity of e-beam can be changed.
4) Define block mode operation.
The edited text will be stored first in main memory and then is transferred to the main memory as block of data. Such type of operation is said to be Block mode operation.
5) Briefly explain about printer.
Printer is a output device, which produces the hard copy of data. There are 3 types of printers. i) Daisy wheel printer ii) Dot matrix printer iii) Laser printer
6) What are the advantages of magnetic disk over magnetic tape?
Magnetic disk –Random access, For bulk storage, cheap and fast
Magnetic tape –sequential access, to store files, cheap but slow
7) Write a brief note on ASCII.
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) is a binary code for alphanumeric character. It is a 7-bit code, which can represent 128 different characters. ASCII has 94 printable and 34 non-printable characters.
94 printable characters include 26(A to Z)+26(a to z)+10(0 to 9)+32 special characters. 34 non-printable characters include NUL, Backspace, DEL, ESC etc
8) What are the three types of control character?
i) Format Effectors – Control layout of printing]
ii) Information separators –Separate data into divisions, paragraphs and pages
iii) Communication control characters – Used for transmission of text between remote computers.
9) Define byte and Nibble.
8-bits form a byte. 4-bits form a Nibble.
OTHER QUESTIONS:
1) What are peripheral devices? Explain the common peripheral devices. (8 marks)
Works for you…1)
List four peripheral devices that produce an acceptable output for a person to understand.
2) Write your full name in ASCII using eight bits per character with the leftmost bit always 0.Include an space between names and a period after initial. ¶ 10:58 AM 0 comments
